What is DNA

Definition and Composition of DNA

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material found in the nucleus of cells and some viruses.

It is a molecule that encodes information for the development, function, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms.

DNA is made up of four different types of nucleotides: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).

These nucleotides are arranged in a specific order, forming a double helix structure

The two strands of the helix are held together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs: A with T, and C with G.

The sequence of nucleotides along the DNA molecule determines the genetic code for each individual.

DNA serves several crucial functions in living organisms:

DNA stores the genetic information necessary for the development and function of an organism.

This information is passed down from generation to generation through reproduction.

DNA serves as the template for protein synthesis.

The information encoded in DNA is used to create messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then used to create proteins.

DNA plays a crucial role in cell division by ensuring that each new cell receives a copy of the genetic material.

This process ensures genetic continuity and prevents mutations from accumulating.

DNA is a complex and essential molecule that serves as the genetic blueprint for all living organisms.

Its structure, composition, and functions are crucial for the development, growth, and reproduction of life on Earth.